The 38th Annual European Simulation and Modelling Conference 2024
Co-simulations of cyber-physical energy systems often comprise components running at vastly different time scales, ranging from nano-second communication within a tightly coupled system to 15 minutes or longer for, e. g., power-flow calculations. We introduce tiered durations, which allow coupling of such components without requiring the slower ones to be aware of the high-frequency steps of the faster ones while maintaining clear semantics for the simulation as a whole, extending earlier concepts of super-dense time and same-time loops. On top of this, simulator groups allow creating consistent data-flow graphs using tiered durations. Both tiered durations and simulator groups have been implemented in our co-simulation framework mosaik.